Discussion of Syllabus.
Takes an input(s), processes them, and output(s)
A digital system in specific uses discrete signals.
Digital signals use a finite set of values.
However, all real world signals are analog in nature.
We can convert analog signals to digital using an ADC (segments voltage/current values)
Transistors fit this role—act as open or closed switch on high or low voltages
When representing analog info as digital, add a buffer (to prevent oscillations when at boundary)
Digital signals are also less prone to error.
Discrete states, use binary.
If there are $N$ states, you need $\left\lceil\log_2 N\right\rceil$ bits to represent it.